Ian Thompson wrote: ↑Thu Oct 08, 2020 10:16 am
Several chess history questions have appeared in the
Dorset CCA Daily Quiz in the last few days:
2. In which century was castling changed to one move?
According to Hooper & Whyld :
"Lucena shows modern castling in two moves: 1 e4
e5 2 NI3 Nc6 3Bc4Bc5 4d3Nf6 5h3d6 6Bb5
a6 7 Ra4 Rf8 8 Nc3 Kg8 (the leap) 9 Bc3 Bxc3
It) fxe3 h6 11 Gd2 Qe7 12 Rdl Be6, and White
makes a leap 13 Kcl.
By the end of the 16th
century castling was firmly established as a single
move, but there were 16 versions: Kfl & Ret, Kgl
Sc Re 1, Kg 1 & Rfl, Khl Sc Ret, Khl &Rfl,Khl
Sc Rgl, and ten queen's side permutations. There
were also regional variations. Sometimes castling
was forbidden if as a consequence the rook would
attack an enemy man, or if the king had been in
check previously. Sometimes a king could pass
over a square attacked by an enemy man, or a
player could castle if his king had been moved but
not checked. Sometimes the g- or h-pawn could be
moved at the same time. Ruy lofez, in his book of
1561, quoted castling as it is now played and this
became generally established by the 17th century
except in Italy, where many versions of castling
remained in use until the early 20th century. This
Tree castling 5 aroused the sharp tongue of van der
linde —- l free—as in free love', he said. By mistake
or otherwise a player sometimes castles after
having moved his king away from and back to its
starting square. In an Irish dub game in 1973 no
one noticed when one oi the players, W. Heiden-
feld, castled for the second time. Nevertheless he
lost the game. "